Not every recommendation rests on the same evidence, so we label it, so uncertain advice does not look more solid than it is.
Evidence levels
- Strong evidence: supported by systematically reviewed studies or guidelines that agree across several sources
- Moderate evidence: supported by studies or guidelines, but with limitations such as the sample or the context
- Limited evidence: little supporting data, or data that does not yet agree
- Expert consensus: not easy to measure in experiments, but experts and the relevant agencies give the same advice (for example, turning on 2FA)
- Not yet reviewed: references have not been researched yet, so it should not be the basis for an important decision
Evidence is not importance
Some things matter a great deal but have little experimental evidence because they cannot be tested, such as keeping copies of important documents. That is why we always show “Impact” and “Evidence” separately.